APOBEC3G Variants and Protection against HIV-1 Infection in Burkina Faso.
Identifieur interne : 000240 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000239; suivant : 000241APOBEC3G Variants and Protection against HIV-1 Infection in Burkina Faso.
Auteurs : Tegwinde Rebeca Compaore [Burkina Faso] ; Serge Theophile Soubeiga [Burkina Faso] ; Abdoul Karim Ouattara [Burkina Faso] ; Dorcas Obiri-Yeboah [Ghana] ; Damehan Tchelougou [Burkina Faso] ; Mamoudou Maiga [Burkina Faso] ; Maleki Assih [Burkina Faso] ; Cyrille Bisseye [Gabon] ; Didier Bakouan [Burkina Faso] ; Issaka Pierre Compaore [Burkina Faso] ; Augustine Dembele [Burkina Faso] ; Jeremy Martinson [États-Unis] ; Jacques Simpore [Burkina Faso]Source :
- PloS one [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2016.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- APOBEC-3G Deaminase, Adolescent, Adulte, Adulte d'âge moyen, Allèles, Burkina, Cytidine deaminase (génétique), Déséquilibre de liaison, Enfant, Enfant d'âge préscolaire, Expression des gènes, Femelle, Fréquence d'allèle, Haplotypes, Humains, Infections à VIH (anatomopathologie), Infections à VIH (diagnostic), Infections à VIH (génétique), Infections à VIH (immunologie), Infections à VIH (virologie), Isoformes de protéines (génétique), Modèles génétiques, Mâle, Nourrisson, Nouveau-né, Odds ratio, Polymorphisme de nucléotide simple, Risque, Résistance à la maladie (génétique), VIH-1 (Virus de l'Immunodéficience Humaine de type 1) (physiologie), Études cas-témoins, Évolution de la maladie.
- MESH :
- anatomopathologie : Infections à VIH.
- diagnostic : Infections à VIH.
- génétique : Cytidine deaminase, Infections à VIH, Isoformes de protéines, Résistance à la maladie.
- immunologie : Infections à VIH.
- physiologie : VIH-1 (Virus de l'Immunodéficience Humaine de type 1).
- virologie : Infections à VIH.
- APOBEC-3G Deaminase, Adolescent, Adulte, Adulte d'âge moyen, Allèles, Burkina, Déséquilibre de liaison, Enfant, Enfant d'âge préscolaire, Expression des gènes, Femelle, Fréquence d'allèle, Haplotypes, Humains, Modèles génétiques, Mâle, Nourrisson, Nouveau-né, Odds ratio, Polymorphisme de nucléotide simple, Risque, Études cas-témoins, Évolution de la maladie.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- APOBEC-3G Deaminase, Adolescent, Adult, Alleles, Burkina Faso, Case-Control Studies, Child, Child, Preschool, Cytidine Deaminase (genetics), Disease Progression, Disease Resistance (genetics), Female, Gene Expression, Gene Frequency, HIV Infections (diagnosis), HIV Infections (genetics), HIV Infections (immunology), HIV Infections (pathology), HIV Infections (virology), HIV-1 (physiology), Haplotypes, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Linkage Disequilibrium, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Genetic, Odds Ratio, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Protein Isoforms (genetics), Risk.
- MESH :
- chemical , genetics : Cytidine Deaminase, Protein Isoforms.
- chemical : APOBEC-3G Deaminase.
- diagnosis : HIV Infections.
- genetics : Disease Resistance, HIV Infections.
- immunology : HIV Infections.
- pathology : HIV Infections.
- physiology : HIV-1.
- virology : HIV Infections.
- Adolescent, Adult, Alleles, Burkina Faso, Case-Control Studies, Child, Child, Preschool, Disease Progression, Female, Gene Expression, Gene Frequency, Haplotypes, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Linkage Disequilibrium, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Genetic, Odds Ratio, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Risk.
Abstract
Studies on host factors, particularly the APOBEC3G gene, have previously found an association with AIDS progression in some populations and against some HIV-1 strains but not others. Our study had two main objectives: firstly, to screen a population from Burkina Faso for three variants of APOBEC3G previously described, and secondly to analyze the effect of these three variants and their haplotypes on HIV-1 infection with Circulating Recombinant Forms (CRFs) present in Burkina Faso. This case control study involved 708 seropositive and seronegative individuals. Genotyping was done by the TaqMan allelic discrimination method. Minor allele frequencies of rs6001417 (p<0.05), rs8177832 (P<0.05), and rs35228531 (P<0.001) were higher in seronegative subjects. The rs6001417 and rs8177832 SNPs were associated with HIV-1 infection in an additive model (P<0.01). Furthermore the SNP rs35228531 was also associated with HIV-1 infection in a dominant model (P<0.001). Odds ratio analysis of genotypes and alleles of the different APOBEC3G variants showed that there is a strong association between the minor genetic variants, genotype of the three SNPs, and HIV-1 status. Haplotype analysis demonstrated that rs6001417, rs8177832, and rs35228531 are in linkage disequilibrium. The haplotype GGT from the rs6001417, rs8177832 and rs35228531 respectively has a protective effect OR = 0.54 [0.43-0.68] with P<0.001. There was also associations between the haplotypes GGC OR = 1.6 [1.1;-2.3] P<0.05, and CGC OR = 5.21 [2.4-11.3] P<0.001, which increase the risk of infection by HIV-1 from almost two (2) to five (5) fold. This study demonstrates an association of rs6001417, rs8177832, and rs35228531 of APOBEC3G with HIV-1 infection in a population from Burkina Faso.
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146386
PubMed: 26741797
Affiliations:
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Burkina Faso.</title><author><name sortKey="Compaore, Tegwinde Rebeca" sort="Compaore, Tegwinde Rebeca" uniqKey="Compaore T" first="Tegwinde Rebeca" last="Compaore">Tegwinde Rebeca Compaore</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Centre (CERBA)/ LABIOGENE, University of Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Burkina Faso</country><wicri:regionArea>Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Centre (CERBA)/ LABIOGENE, University of Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ouagadougou</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Soubeiga, Serge Theophile" sort="Soubeiga, Serge Theophile" uniqKey="Soubeiga S" first="Serge Theophile" last="Soubeiga">Serge Theophile Soubeiga</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Centre (CERBA)/ LABIOGENE, University of Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Burkina Faso</country><wicri:regionArea>Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Centre (CERBA)/ LABIOGENE, University of Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ouagadougou</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ouattara, Abdoul Karim" sort="Ouattara, Abdoul Karim" uniqKey="Ouattara A" first="Abdoul Karim" last="Ouattara">Abdoul Karim Ouattara</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Centre (CERBA)/ LABIOGENE, University of Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Burkina Faso</country><wicri:regionArea>Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Centre (CERBA)/ LABIOGENE, University of Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ouagadougou</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Obiri Yeboah, Dorcas" sort="Obiri Yeboah, Dorcas" uniqKey="Obiri Yeboah D" first="Dorcas" last="Obiri-Yeboah">Dorcas Obiri-Yeboah</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>University of Cape Coast, School of Medical Sciences, Microbiology Department, Cape Coast, Ghana.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Cape Coast, School of Medical Sciences, Microbiology Department, Cape Coast</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cape Coast</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tchelougou, Damehan" sort="Tchelougou, Damehan" uniqKey="Tchelougou D" first="Damehan" last="Tchelougou">Damehan Tchelougou</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Centre (CERBA)/ LABIOGENE, University of Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Burkina Faso</country><wicri:regionArea>Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Centre (CERBA)/ LABIOGENE, University of Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ouagadougou</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maiga, Mamoudou" sort="Maiga, Mamoudou" uniqKey="Maiga M" first="Mamoudou" last="Maiga">Mamoudou Maiga</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Centre (CERBA)/ LABIOGENE, University of Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Burkina Faso</country><wicri:regionArea>Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Centre (CERBA)/ LABIOGENE, University of Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ouagadougou</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Assih, Maleki" sort="Assih, Maleki" uniqKey="Assih M" first="Maleki" last="Assih">Maleki Assih</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Centre (CERBA)/ LABIOGENE, University of Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Burkina Faso</country><wicri:regionArea>Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Centre (CERBA)/ LABIOGENE, University of Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ouagadougou</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bisseye, Cyrille" sort="Bisseye, Cyrille" uniqKey="Bisseye C" first="Cyrille" last="Bisseye">Cyrille Bisseye</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Sciences and Techniques of Masuku (USTM), Franceville, Gabon.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Gabon</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Sciences and Techniques of Masuku (USTM), Franceville</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Franceville</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bakouan, Didier" sort="Bakouan, Didier" uniqKey="Bakouan D" first="Didier" last="Bakouan">Didier Bakouan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Permanent Secretary against AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Burkina Faso</country><wicri:regionArea>Permanent Secretary against AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Ouagadougou</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ouagadougou</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Compaore, Issaka Pierre" sort="Compaore, Issaka Pierre" uniqKey="Compaore I" first="Issaka Pierre" last="Compaore">Issaka Pierre Compaore</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Centre (CERBA)/ LABIOGENE, University of Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Burkina Faso</country><wicri:regionArea>Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Centre (CERBA)/ LABIOGENE, University of Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ouagadougou</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dembele, Augustine" sort="Dembele, Augustine" uniqKey="Dembele A" first="Augustine" last="Dembele">Augustine Dembele</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Permanent Secretary against AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Burkina Faso</country><wicri:regionArea>Permanent Secretary against AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Ouagadougou</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ouagadougou</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Martinson, Jeremy" sort="Martinson, Jeremy" uniqKey="Martinson J" first="Jeremy" last="Martinson">Jeremy Martinson</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region><settlement type="city">Pittsburgh</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Pittsburgh</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Simpore, Jacques" sort="Simpore, Jacques" uniqKey="Simpore J" first="Jacques" last="Simpore">Jacques Simpore</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Centre (CERBA)/ LABIOGENE, University of Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Burkina Faso</country><wicri:regionArea>Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Centre (CERBA)/ LABIOGENE, University of Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ouagadougou</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PloS one</title><idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno><imprint><date when="2016" type="published">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>APOBEC-3G Deaminase</term><term>Adolescent</term><term>Adult</term><term>Alleles</term><term>Burkina Faso</term><term>Case-Control Studies</term><term>Child</term><term>Child, Preschool</term><term>Cytidine Deaminase (genetics)</term><term>Disease Progression</term><term>Disease Resistance (genetics)</term><term>Female</term><term>Gene Expression</term><term>Gene Frequency</term><term>HIV Infections (diagnosis)</term><term>HIV Infections (genetics)</term><term>HIV Infections (immunology)</term><term>HIV Infections (pathology)</term><term>HIV Infections (virology)</term><term>HIV-1 (physiology)</term><term>Haplotypes</term><term>Humans</term><term>Infant</term><term>Infant, Newborn</term><term>Linkage Disequilibrium</term><term>Male</term><term>Middle Aged</term><term>Models, Genetic</term><term>Odds Ratio</term><term>Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide</term><term>Protein Isoforms (genetics)</term><term>Risk</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>APOBEC-3G Deaminase</term><term>Adolescent</term><term>Adulte</term><term>Adulte d'âge moyen</term><term>Allèles</term><term>Burkina</term><term>Cytidine deaminase (génétique)</term><term>Déséquilibre de liaison</term><term>Enfant</term><term>Enfant d'âge préscolaire</term><term>Expression des gènes</term><term>Femelle</term><term>Fréquence d'allèle</term><term>Haplotypes</term><term>Humains</term><term>Infections à VIH (anatomopathologie)</term><term>Infections à VIH (diagnostic)</term><term>Infections à VIH (génétique)</term><term>Infections à VIH (immunologie)</term><term>Infections à VIH (virologie)</term><term>Isoformes de protéines (génétique)</term><term>Modèles génétiques</term><term>Mâle</term><term>Nourrisson</term><term>Nouveau-né</term><term>Odds ratio</term><term>Polymorphisme de nucléotide simple</term><term>Risque</term><term>Résistance à la maladie (génétique)</term><term>VIH-1 (Virus de l'Immunodéficience Humaine de type 1) (physiologie)</term><term>Études cas-témoins</term><term>Évolution de la maladie</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Cytidine Deaminase</term><term>Protein Isoforms</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" xml:lang="en"><term>APOBEC-3G Deaminase</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="anatomopathologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Infections à VIH</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="diagnosis" xml:lang="en"><term>HIV Infections</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="diagnostic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Infections à VIH</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Disease Resistance</term><term>HIV Infections</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="génétique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Cytidine deaminase</term><term>Infections à VIH</term><term>Isoformes de protéines</term><term>Résistance à la maladie</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="immunologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Infections à VIH</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="immunology" xml:lang="en"><term>HIV Infections</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pathology" xml:lang="en"><term>HIV Infections</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>VIH-1 (Virus de l'Immunodéficience Humaine de type 1)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiology" xml:lang="en"><term>HIV-1</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Infections à VIH</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virology" xml:lang="en"><term>HIV Infections</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Adolescent</term><term>Adult</term><term>Alleles</term><term>Burkina Faso</term><term>Case-Control Studies</term><term>Child</term><term>Child, Preschool</term><term>Disease Progression</term><term>Female</term><term>Gene Expression</term><term>Gene Frequency</term><term>Haplotypes</term><term>Humans</term><term>Infant</term><term>Infant, Newborn</term><term>Linkage Disequilibrium</term><term>Male</term><term>Middle Aged</term><term>Models, Genetic</term><term>Odds Ratio</term><term>Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide</term><term>Risk</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>APOBEC-3G Deaminase</term><term>Adolescent</term><term>Adulte</term><term>Adulte d'âge moyen</term><term>Allèles</term><term>Burkina</term><term>Déséquilibre de liaison</term><term>Enfant</term><term>Enfant d'âge préscolaire</term><term>Expression des gènes</term><term>Femelle</term><term>Fréquence d'allèle</term><term>Haplotypes</term><term>Humains</term><term>Modèles génétiques</term><term>Mâle</term><term>Nourrisson</term><term>Nouveau-né</term><term>Odds ratio</term><term>Polymorphisme de nucléotide simple</term><term>Risque</term><term>Études cas-témoins</term><term>Évolution de la maladie</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Studies on host factors, particularly the APOBEC3G gene, have previously found an association with AIDS progression in some populations and against some HIV-1 strains but not others. Our study had two main objectives: firstly, to screen a population from Burkina Faso for three variants of APOBEC3G previously described, and secondly to analyze the effect of these three variants and their haplotypes on HIV-1 infection with Circulating Recombinant Forms (CRFs) present in Burkina Faso. This case control study involved 708 seropositive and seronegative individuals. Genotyping was done by the TaqMan allelic discrimination method. Minor allele frequencies of rs6001417 (p<0.05), rs8177832 (P<0.05), and rs35228531 (P<0.001) were higher in seronegative subjects. The rs6001417 and rs8177832 SNPs were associated with HIV-1 infection in an additive model (P<0.01). Furthermore the SNP rs35228531 was also associated with HIV-1 infection in a dominant model (P<0.001). Odds ratio analysis of genotypes and alleles of the different APOBEC3G variants showed that there is a strong association between the minor genetic variants, genotype of the three SNPs, and HIV-1 status. Haplotype analysis demonstrated that rs6001417, rs8177832, and rs35228531 are in linkage disequilibrium. The haplotype GGT from the rs6001417, rs8177832 and rs35228531 respectively has a protective effect OR = 0.54 [0.43-0.68] with P<0.001. There was also associations between the haplotypes GGC OR = 1.6 [1.1;-2.3] P<0.05, and CGC OR = 5.21 [2.4-11.3] P<0.001, which increase the risk of infection by HIV-1 from almost two (2) to five (5) fold. This study demonstrates an association of rs6001417, rs8177832, and rs35228531 of APOBEC3G with HIV-1 infection in a population from Burkina Faso.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Burkina Faso</li><li>Gabon</li><li>Ghana</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Pennsylvanie</li></region><settlement><li>Pittsburgh</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université de Pittsburgh</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="Burkina Faso"><noRegion><name sortKey="Compaore, Tegwinde Rebeca" sort="Compaore, Tegwinde Rebeca" uniqKey="Compaore T" first="Tegwinde Rebeca" last="Compaore">Tegwinde Rebeca Compaore</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Assih, Maleki" sort="Assih, Maleki" uniqKey="Assih M" first="Maleki" last="Assih">Maleki Assih</name><name sortKey="Bakouan, Didier" sort="Bakouan, Didier" uniqKey="Bakouan D" first="Didier" last="Bakouan">Didier Bakouan</name><name sortKey="Compaore, Issaka Pierre" sort="Compaore, Issaka Pierre" uniqKey="Compaore I" first="Issaka Pierre" last="Compaore">Issaka Pierre Compaore</name><name sortKey="Dembele, Augustine" sort="Dembele, Augustine" uniqKey="Dembele A" first="Augustine" last="Dembele">Augustine Dembele</name><name sortKey="Maiga, Mamoudou" sort="Maiga, Mamoudou" uniqKey="Maiga M" first="Mamoudou" last="Maiga">Mamoudou Maiga</name><name sortKey="Ouattara, Abdoul Karim" sort="Ouattara, Abdoul Karim" uniqKey="Ouattara A" first="Abdoul Karim" last="Ouattara">Abdoul Karim Ouattara</name><name sortKey="Simpore, Jacques" sort="Simpore, Jacques" uniqKey="Simpore J" first="Jacques" last="Simpore">Jacques Simpore</name><name sortKey="Soubeiga, Serge Theophile" sort="Soubeiga, Serge Theophile" uniqKey="Soubeiga S" first="Serge Theophile" last="Soubeiga">Serge Theophile Soubeiga</name><name sortKey="Tchelougou, Damehan" sort="Tchelougou, Damehan" uniqKey="Tchelougou D" first="Damehan" last="Tchelougou">Damehan Tchelougou</name></country><country name="Ghana"><noRegion><name sortKey="Obiri Yeboah, Dorcas" sort="Obiri Yeboah, Dorcas" uniqKey="Obiri Yeboah D" first="Dorcas" last="Obiri-Yeboah">Dorcas Obiri-Yeboah</name></noRegion></country><country name="Gabon"><noRegion><name sortKey="Bisseye, Cyrille" sort="Bisseye, Cyrille" uniqKey="Bisseye C" first="Cyrille" last="Bisseye">Cyrille Bisseye</name></noRegion></country><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Pennsylvanie"><name sortKey="Martinson, Jeremy" sort="Martinson, Jeremy" uniqKey="Martinson J" first="Jeremy" last="Martinson">Jeremy Martinson</name></region></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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